Profiles of Mindfulness and Resilience: Latent Configurations of Psychological Resources and Their Links to Well-Being and Adversity

Abstract

Dispositional mindfulness and psychological resilience are increasingly viewed as important personal resources for psychological adjustment, yet their joint configurations remain underexplored. This study identified latent profiles based on mindfulness facets and resilience and examined their links with mental health, life satisfaction, and contextual risk and protective factors in emerging adults. Participants were 621 university students aged 18–29 years (88.6% female) who completed measures of mindfulness, resilience, mental health, life satisfaction, violence exposure, and sociodemographic and relational characteristics. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles: high-resource, moderate-resource/cognitively mindful, and low-resource. Both higher-resource profiles showed better mental health and greater life satisfaction than the low-resource profile, but did not differ significantly from each other. Multinomial regression indicated that more positive family relationships were associated with greater likelihood of membership in both higher-resource profiles (ORs = 1.48-1.63), and that being in a romantic relationship increased the likelihood of membership in the moderate-resource profile (OR = 1.87), whereas more frequent violence exposure reduced the likelihood of membership in the moderate-resource profile relative to the low-resource group (OR = 0.78). Socioeconomic status was not a significant predictor. The three-profile solution was replicated in sensitivity analyses including the observing facet. Overall, the findings suggest that distinct configurations of mindfulness and resilience are meaningfully associated with psychological well-being and differ according to relational context and violence exposure.